I had support from both DARPA and the NSF to do that work for that period. Given that there has been adequate funding at MIT, why did you bother to go to the NSF for support?
We understand that well, and that is why we are talking to people at 15 different institutions around the country. Barbara Liskov is 1 of the famous people in our database with the age of 80 years old. One of the things I did when I was developing CLU was, in order to make progress on the stuff I was working on, I sort of narrowed the problem. Certainly. The work that I did in the 1970s, starting at around about 1973, was concerned with programming language support for a concept called data abstraction.
But in Argus I put them into a more general framework. I think that is actually both a strength and a weakness, on both sides. Then the second year I have been working on implementation strategies, and right now we are doing a very simple sort of pre-prototype implementation using Argus. Professor William Wile, who is at MIT. Ihren Bachelor in Mathematik erhielt Liskov 1961 an der University of California, Berkeley. I have always applied for the new one more or less at the appropriate time in order to get funding when the old one ran out.
Are you looking for a description of what the research was like? This work was concerned with how to make programmers more productive, and how to help them produce programs that were more robust and easier to modify. This is not something that hits me terribly hard, but it does hit people who do not have the DARPA funding that I do and who want to do systems work. They used to be laboratory grants, in which my part was a couple of pages describing what I was doing. Maybe it was partly for independence, since the DARPA grants in the early days were always big blanket grants and the NSF money was clearly my own. In fact, many of my colleagues do not even bother to get NSF grants. I have had NSF grants since around 1973, I think, or possibly early 1974. There are some staff people that have been working on that.
I think that is not very productive. History at your fingertips I took them out of work in database systems. I designed and implemented a new programming language that contained this concept as a key feature. These grants have supported the research I have done, which has changed focus over the years. Barbara Liskov was born on November 7 1939, in Los Angeles. Barbara H Liskov was born on month day 1939.
But that project has taken a life of its own, and I imagine that the implementation will be complete sometime around the end of the year. So it makes it very difficult to transport.
I just want to reiterate that my position is a little bit unusual, and so people who work at universities that have not got this DARPA funding to fall back on may have quite a different story to tell.
Barbara Jane Liskov, née Barbara Jane Huberman, (born Nov. 7, 1939, Los Angeles, Calif., U.S.), American winner of the 2008 A.M. Turing Award, the highest honour in computer science, for her “pioneering work in the design of computer programming languages.” Ultimately, that ended up being a language project too.
So I decided to look at the question of "How do you build software on a distributed network?" So there has been quite a lot of work by the people working on the Mercury project to interact with other people in the DARPA community, to try and get either Mercury itself or the ideas of Mercury into some other parts of the DARPA research community. BARBARA LISKOV: An Interview Conducted by William Aspray, IEEE History Center, August 6, 1991 Interview #127 for the IEEE History Center, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Another thing that I worked on at the time I was working on Argus, and this work has continued, is replication algorithms. But that was done more because of DARPA, and it was more what I did not put in the DARPA grant than what I claimed for the NSF. A few years later, she published a paper with Jeanette Wing in which they defined the principle as:
One of the ideas in Argus is that you build programs out of things called atomic transactions, and these are computations that either succeed, in which case everything that they were supposed to have done happened and happened indivisibly with respect to every other computation, or if it is not possible to complete them then they fail completely and it is as if they never ran at all.
One of the things I decided not to look at was concurrency. Do you see any positive signs of, positive effect of the NSF in terms of fellowship support or conference support, that sort of thing? Earlier I mentioned the concurrency work and how that was left out of CLU.
Her research in the early 1970s led to the design and implementation of CLU, the first programming language to support data abstraction. I designed and implemented a second language called Argus, whose goal was to make it easy for people to write distributed implementations of various applications. I undertook the work on Harp partly to evaluate the replication algorithm we had in mind to see whether it would be an adequate one to serve as a basis for Thor. I mean you have talked about the fact that it was only picked up and used in a small number of institutions. Sie arbeitete daraufhin jeweils ein Jahr beim Think-Tank Mitre Corporation und der Harvard University als Programmiererin, und schließlich an der Stanford University als wissenschaftliche Hilfskraft im KI-Bereich, bis sie 1968 dort mit der Arbeit A Program to Play Chess End Games bei John McCarthyihren Informatik-Ph.D. erhielt.
This has been most helpful to us. All rights reserved. In one of these conversations, she came up with what is now known as the “Liskov Substitution Principle”, one of the 5 key principles of software design (the L from SOLID principles). They certainly have not in my case. Have you had any chief partners, other faculty members for example, who have worked with you on any of these projects you have described to me?
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