These needle blights are caused by the fungus, Dothistroma pinimostly on western pines and Scirrhia acicolaon longleafand Scots pine needles. Four needle blight fungi in particular have been identified Infection is typically most severe in the lower crown. Seeds from Eastern Europe have shown high resistance and are currently used to produce Austrian pines for Great Plains plantings. Over time more tips will die, killing whole branches, usually lower down on the tree.
The black fruiting bodies of the fungus can be seen in the dead spots or bands on the needles. Pine wilt (pinewood nematodes) is NOT a problem on white pine. Infected second-year needles usually drop before infected current-year needles. Branches and entire trees are girdled and die. Recent studies have identified several fungal pathogens are responsible for white pine needle blight in New England (Broders et al. Powdery, yellow to cream-colored spores erupt from the cankers in May through July, two to three seasons after infection.
Give the dead needles a gentle tug, and if they come out easily, that confirms it. Over a millennium ago, the white pine with its five needles joined at the base helped inspire five competing First Nations peoples to lay down arms and form a unified democratic government. The spores spread by wind and rain and can infect needles throughout the growing season. The two most common needle blights Michigan State University Extension educators and specialists find on pines in Christmas tree plantations are Dothistroma and brown spot needle blights. Symptoms consisted of yellow and brown discoloration of 1-year-old needles (figures 1 and 2) on both mature trees and regeneration. The blight usually results in dramatic browning and dropping of the foliage beginning on the lower branches. During the summer of 2010, white pine needle damage was frequently observed throughout New England. 2015, Wyka and Broders 2016). Resin flows from the cankers. Procera root rot, although a problem in the South, is not a common problem in the St. Louis area.
Three fungi appear to be the culprits. Eastern White Pine Needle Damage Eastern white pine is widespread and highly valued in New England. Jill O’Donnell, Scotch, Austrian and white pine are susceptible to several needle blights that cause needles to brown, shed prematurely and may eventually kill the tree. In rainy conditions, the spray interval may need to be shortened. This deep green color banding is short-lived. White pine blister rust: White pines develop swollen cankers on the trunk or branches. New needles are susceptible once they emerge from the needle sheaths. The spots and bands quickly turn brown to reddish brown during the summer months. Last updated: 11/2011 View a pdf of this guide
However, needle blight pathogens have been a primary issue affecting white pine since approximately 2010. This year (2013), you might start earlier since trees are ahead of normal. The black fruit bodies appear in the fall; however, the spores are released the following spring and summer.The best protection of new needles can occur when applying copper-based materials as the new needles emerge from the needle sheaths and as the spores are released from the fruiting bodies. A badly-infected tree will not have much life left in it. When symptoms of the diseases have disappeared, you can discontinue spraying.
These bands tend to be brighter red and more numerous on pines in California, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, where this disease is often referred to as the "red band" disease.Needles may develop extensive leaf browning within several weeks of the first appearance of symptoms. They include Mycosphaerella dearnessii, Lophophacidium dooksii and Bifusella linearis. If it is Austrian pine, or Ponderosa Pine, this is probably Diplodia Tip Blight (also known as Sphaeropsis).
This group of blight diseases - including Diplodia, Dothistroma and brown spot - attacks conifers (mostly pines) by girdling needles and killing branch tips. Repeat the application two or three times as needed at seven- to 10-day intervals.Even though we see the symptoms in the fall, fungicide applications should be timed when the new needles are about half grown (May-June) and a second spray about three weeks later.
Sources of ponderosa High-value nursery and Christmas tree plantings can benefit from chemical fungal control. Scotch, Austrian and white pine are susceptible to several needle blights that cause needles to brown, shed prematurely and may eventually kill the tree. Early detection is important and high dollar trees may be sprayed as a preventative measure in locations where the fungus is active.A copper fungicide spray program, repeated over several years, will eventually allow new, undamaged needles and branch tips to replace the diseased ones.
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